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Item information,"person"(subject) and "financial" information are listed as the three basic information for social and economic operation. Compared with "people" and "financial" information,"things" have complex varieties and diverse attributes; there are many management entities; and the operation process is complex. How to truly establish an information resource system of "things" and realize information exchange and resource sharing among the whole society has always been the focus of attention from all walks of life and an unsolved problem.
Item coding is digital "object" information and the cornerstone of modernization and informatization. In recent years, the fundamentals of new concepts, new technologies, and new applications such as the Internet of Things, cloud computing, and smart earth are still based on item coding.
The so-called objects usually refer to various tangible or intangible entities, which can be called differently in different fields. For example, products, commodities, materials, materials, assets, etc. are objects that require information exchange. Item coding means that items are assigned codes that are easy to identify and process by computers and humans according to certain rules. The item coding system refers to the item digital information system that uses the item code as the keyword (or index word). An item coding system refers to an interconnected organic whole composed of an item coding system.
With the rapid development of information technology and social economy, the need for information exchange and resource sharing among various application systems has become increasingly urgent. However, due to the different data structures,"information islands" have been created, which not only seriously hinder the effective use of information, but also cause a great waste of social resources. How to establish a unified item coding system, realize the organic interconnection of various coding systems, solve the exchange and sharing of information between systems, efficiently, economically and quickly integrate various application information, and form unified, basic and strategic information resources has become The current top priority of informatization construction.
State Council Quality Development Outline (2011-2020)"Guo Fa [2012] No. 9, proposing to" build a quality credit information platform using item coding management as a traceability method to promote the construction of quality credit in the industry "; On August 3, 2012, the State Council issued the "Opinions of the State Council on Deepening the Reform of the Circulation System and Accelerating the Development of the Circulation Industry" document Guo Fa [2012] No. 39, proposing to "promote the widespread application of commodity barcodes in the circulation field and improve the unified nationwide item coding system". Clear requirements have been put forward for building a unified item coding system in my country.
China Article Coding Center is a specialized organization for article coding work in my country. For a long time, while carrying out in-depth article coding management and promotion and application work in key national areas, it has been committed to basic, forward-looking and strategic research on article coding. The establishment of a unified national article coding system is not only a comprehensive overall planning and unified layout of my country's article coding work, but also an effective integration of domestic article information and the establishment of a national article basic resource system. It is an important guarantee to ensure the interconnection and information sharing of various application systems.
By establishing a national unified item coding system, establishing scientific and organic connections between item coding among various information management systems, unified management and maintenance of national item coding can be achieved; by establishing a national unified item coding system, existing item coding systems can be realized. Compatibility, ensuring that item coding systems in various industries and fields operate in an orderly manner, and providing guidance for newly built item coding systems; By establishing a unified national item coding system, we will unify the coding of items in public areas such as commodity circulation and public services, and form unified and universal standards to ensure the efficient operation of public applications such as trade and circulation.
The item coding system framework consists of two parts: the item basic coding system and the item application coding system.
1.1 Basic item coding system
The basic item coding system is the core of the national item coding system and consists of three parts: item coding system identification, item information identification and item identification.
1.1.1 Item coding system identification code
The Numbering System Identifier (NSI) is a nationally unified code that uniquely identifies each item coding system in the country. Its functional basis is to uniquely identify each item coding system, thereby ensuring that the item codes are independent and coordinated with each other during the application process. It is the foundation and central hub for the interconnection of coding systems and the basis for the analysis of each coding system.
The identification codes of the item coding system are uniformly assigned by the national item coding management agency.
1.1.2 Item information identification code
The item information identification coding is a nationally unified coding system that classifies, manages and identifies item information exchange units. It is a public mapping benchmark for information exchange among application coding systems. It includes three parts: item classification code, item benchmark name code and item attribute code.
1.1.2.1 Item classification code
Item classification coding is a linear classification code system formed by clustering items according to their general functions and main uses. The main function of the system is to clarify the logical relationship and belonging relationship between items, which is conducive to the search of information on the transaction and exchange process, and is a public engine for searching item information.
Item classification codes are uniformly managed and maintained by the national item coding management agency.
1.1.2.2 Item Base Name Code
Item reference name coding refers to a coding system that uniquely identifies the item information exchange unit-the item reference name. It is a digital representation of the benchmark name of an item with clear definition and description, and adopts a meaningless identification code.
Unique throughout the entire life cycle of the item. A corresponding relationship is established between the item benchmark name code and the item classification code, and the item benchmark name can be found from the classification. The item base name code and the item classification code can be used in combination or alone.
The basic name code of the item is uniformly managed, assigned and maintained by the national item coding management agency.
1.1.2.3 Item Attribute Code
Item attribute coding is a description and coded expression of the essential characteristics of an item determined by the item's benchmark name. The item attributes of the item information identification system have clear definitions and descriptions; the item attribute code adopts a feature combination code and consists of several basic attributes of the item and their corresponding attribute value codes. The structure is flexible and extensible.
The item attribute code must be used in conjunction with the item benchmark name code and cannot be used alone.
The item attribute codes and attribute value codes are uniformly managed, assigned and maintained by the national item coding management agency.
1.1.3 Item identification code
The item identification code is a nationally unified coding system that uniquely identifies items. The identification objects cover various forms of existence throughout the life cycle of the item, including product (commodity) code, commodity batch code, commodity single item code, and asset code. etc.
The item identification codes are filled in and maintained by the enterprise, and are uniformly managed by the national item coding management agency.
1.2 Item application coding system
Item application coding systems refer to various item coding systems established in various fields and industries to meet the needs of information management and application. The item application coding system includes two parts: the commodity circulation and public service coding system and other item application coding system.
1.2.1 Commodity circulation and public service coding system
The commodity circulation and public service coding system refers to the coding system adopted by information systems that participate in the application of multiple fields, multiple industries, multiple departments, and multiple enterprises, or provide public services to society. Various cross-industry and cross-field commodity circulation and public service coding systems that have been established or are being established include commodity bar code coding systems, commodity electronic coding systems, e-commerce coding systems, Internet of Things unified identification systems, logistics supply chain coding systems, Product quality integrity coding systems and product quality traceability coding systems, etc.
The commodity circulation and public service coding system must be established and implemented in accordance with the unified standards determined by the basic coding system of items.
1.2.2 Application of coding systems to other items
Other item application coding systems are various item coding systems for information management established in accordance with their management needs in various industries, fields, regions, enterprises, etc. other than commodity circulation and public services, in determining the application environment, such as: The "National Major Product Classification and Codes" used by the country for national economic statistics, the "Customs Commodity Statistics Catalog of the People's Republic of China" used by the customs for import and export tariff management, the "Ancient and Famous Tree Codes and Barcodes" used by the forestry department for tree management, Guangdong Province's "Guangdong Province Special Equipment Information Classification Code" for electronic supervision of special equipment, etc.
The application coding system for other items should be established and implemented based on the basic coding system of the item.
